Olive
A staple of Mediterranean cuisines, olives are most often eaten out of hand, though cooks also use them to flavour everything from pizzas to martinis. Raw olives must be cured before they can be eaten, and the curing medium (usually lye, brine, or salt) affects their flavour and texture. So too does the olive's degree of ripeness when it's picked. Green olives are picked while unripe, which makes them denser and more bitter than brown or black olives, which stay on the tree until fully ripened.